Pupils at Edinburgh Academy suffered “dreadful abuse” over 40 years while the school ignored numerous complaints and focused on protecting its reputation, the Scottish Child Abuse Inquiry has found.

Inquiry chairwoman Lady Smith found that children were sexually abused by staff over four decades, from the 1950s to the 1980s, and endured physical and emotional abuse.

She said some boarders at the school lived in a “permanent state of fear” and that the institution “failed to look at itself through a realistic and critical lens”.

Broadcaster Nicky Campbell, who attended the school between 1966 and 1978, was among those who gave evidence to the Scottish Child Abuse Inquiry (SCAI) and described being “haunted” in the middle of the night by memories of his schooldays.

Perpetrators of the abuse included teacher Hamish Dawson, who died in 2009, and former housemaster John Brownlee.

Edinburgh Academy has reiterated its “sincere apology” to all those affected by abuse at the school and said it is educating its current pupils in a “caring and supportive environment”.

Issuing her findings on Tuesday, Lady Smith said: “For decades, the school failed to look at itself through a realistic and critical lens.

“It is clear it was assumed that abuse did not and would not take place; when it did, the school could not accept that it had happened, failed to address it, and failed to recognise the risk of it continuing. Complacency was the order of the day.

“When complaints were made, they were either disbelieved or left unresolved. Staff chose not to notice and avoided intervention or investigation despite there being obvious signs of abuse.”

In 2024, John Brownlee, then 89, was ruled by a court to have committed “cruel and unnatural acts” of physical and emotional abuse on pupils at the school between 1967 and 1991, but was deemed medically unfit to stand trial and was not sentenced to punishment.

Lady Smith found that homophobia was rife at the academy while racism was prevalent even in the prep school, often involving anti-English sentiment, while some pupils were abused by others because they were Jewish or because of their skin colour.

Girls were subjected to “unpleasant abusive misogyny” after the introduction of co-education in the sixth form.

Barry Welsh, rector of the academy, said: “We have a commitment to facing up to the wrongs of the past which remains unwavering. We are grateful to Lady Smith and we have played our part in her inquiry throughout.

“Her report makes for sombre reading, and reinforces the remarkable bravery shown by our former pupils who have given evidence. We reiterate our sincere apology to all those affected by any abuse that occurred at our school.

“While we cannot change the past, we can shape the future. We continue to support survivors as fully as we are able whilst also educating our current pupils in a caring and supportive environment.”

The SCAI, which aims to raise public awareness of the abuse of children in care, is considering evidence up to December 17 2014 and which is within the living memory of any person who suffered abuse.