It can feel like every week, a risk of cancer emerges from an aspect of daily life. The latest threat may come from the ubiquitous experience of drinking a hot cup of tea or coffee.
Not all forms of hot drinks, fortunately – only if they are drunk at too high a temperature. A new study suggests that those who drink very hot beverages could triple their risk of getting oesophageal cancer – the tube that connects our throat with our stomach.
But how hot is too hot, and how worried should we be?
South Park TV series renamed in apparent Trump reference
The creators of the animated TV show have announced that its new series will be called South America, appearing to reference Donald Trump’s recent retitling spree.

The context
The President signed an executive order in August to rename Lake Ontario as Lake America amid trade tensions with Canada, and Apple and Google subsequently changed the name in their respective maps apps for US-based users. Trump also declared that the Gulf of Mexico should be called the Gulf of America last year.


A day before the South Park announcement, Trump shared an AI-generated video of him placing the word “America” over “Mexico” on a “Welcome to New Mexico” sign.
south park’s creators, matt stone and trey parker

History with Trump

Previously, an episode from the 27th series of the long-running show, which is known for its profanity and dark humour, depicted Trump naked in bed with Satan.
In response, the White House described as a “fourth-rate” show that was “hanging on by a thread with uninspired ideas in a desperate attempt for attention.”
Will the new name stick?
- The announcement came after won an Emmy for Outstanding Animated Program on Sunday.
- The name change shared to the show’s official social media account featured an image of the South Park sign with the word “Park” replaced with “America”.
- It remains unclear whether the new name will be adopted permanently or if it will revert to the original, with the 29th series premiering on 16 September.

All the things Trump has tried to rename – and why it smacks of desperation
First there was the Gulf of America, then Lake America.
Now, Trump has suggested renaming the state of New Mexico as ‘New America.’
Oil prices spike after US strikes on Iranian tankers
The price of oil has risen to over $100 a barrel for the first time since July after the latest exchange of strikes between the US and Iran.

Renewed attacks
The US military said it had “destroyed” several Iranian tankers on Tuesday after Tehran attempted to strike a US navy warship with ballistic missiles.

- The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) said it struck a US military base in Jordan in retaliation. Air defence systems destroyed 18 of the ballistic missiles, with two more landing in unpopulated areas, causing no casualties, according to Jordan’s state news agency.
Rising energy prices
Brent crude, the international benchmark for oil prices, rose 2.1 per cent past the milestone amid the renewed fighting. It is up more than 60 per cent this year.
UK gas prices have also soared, with the benchmark British gas contract rising to its highest level since December 2022.
What this means for you
The immediate impact is the rate you can get a new fix at will get even more expensive. Then longer term, this feeds into the January price cap. It’s currently on target to rise 10% to 15% over October’s cap, and that remember is already confirmed to rise 3.6%, and was on top of the 12.6% rise in July.
money saving expert founder Martin Lewis on impact of rising gas prices


Trump’s war in Iran is driving the worst wave of pirate attacks in decades
Reduced security, new shipping routes, and desperation are fuelling a rise in attacks.

Israel sanctions row – has Burnham made his first mistake?
Andy Burnham’s Government announced a ban on trade with Israeli settlements in the occupied West Bank yesterday.
It was presented as an attempt to protect the prospect of a two-state solution, but it has already provoked threats of retaliation from Israel and drawn criticism from US politicians.
Our writers give their views on whether this is a principled attempt to restrain Israel, or an ineffective gesture.
Patrick Cockburn: Suffering makes sanctions a moral necessity
“The terrible fate of the Palestinians of Gaza and the West Bank is the great moral issue of our age.
“It should be impossible for any decent individual or government to know about the 75,000 Palestinians killed in Gaza and say ‘there was right on both sides’.
“On the contrary, this is an issue about right and wrong and the British Government is wholly correct, if late in the day.”

Jonathan Sacerdoti: This cynical move won’t help Palestinians
“The measures will do nothing tangible for Palestinians, nothing to advance peace and nothing to improve Israel’s security.
“For Britain, meanwhile, they risk damaging relations with Israel and the United States, while broadcasting a broader message of weakness: sufficient domestic political pressure can dictate British foreign policy.”
Paul Wood: Netanyahu’s Government has gotten exactly what they want
“If the Burnham Government hopes to change Israel’s behaviour, there may be the opposite effect to the one intended.


“The far-right members of Netanyahu’s government have spent the current election campaign looking for a fight with a foreign government – they believe they can only benefit from the ensuing controversy. Britain has now given them what they want.”
Kitty Donaldson: Greens are real target

“Burnham is seeking to distinguish himself from Starmer’s handling of Gaza and attempting to win back voters who have drifted to the Green Party. However, whether these sanctions go far enough for Green voters is another question.”
UK politics
State pension triple lock could be axed – how to replace it

Andy Burnham is facing growing pressure to scrap the triple lock on state pensions to help repair the nations’ finances.
Here’s how the Government could navigate any journey away from the policy – and what could replace it.
Why might the triple lock be axed?
The British Chamber of Commerce (BCC) has, for the first time, called on Chancellor John Healey to abandon the policy, under which the state pension rises by whichever is highest of inflation, wage growth or 2.5 per cent each year.


The BCC argued that replacing it with an inflation-matched raise (a single lock) could save £3.3bn in two years. Currently, the triple lock costs £146bn a year.
Other options to replace triple lock

Smoothed earnings link
Mostly following wage growth but rising with inflation if there’s a temporary price shock.
Double lock
Removing the 2.5 per cent guarantee, rising with the higher of inflation or wages.


People build up credits through work and activities, and retirement age is determined by individual health.
‘The triple lock has got to go’
There is no longer a financial or moral justification for keeping the triple lock, but scrapping it represents a political risk that no prime minister has felt like taking.
It was only introduced to rebuild the value of the state pension after decades in which it had fallen relative to earnings – not necessarily as a permanent settlement.
The inescapable fact is that most of us are living longer and collecting pensions for longer. Someone has to pay for that, and the bill goes to people of working age.

Frequently consuming drinks at very high temperatures increases the risk of oesophageal cancer – cancer of the food pipe or gullet – UK research suggests.

A three times higher chance
The study, from Oxford Population Health at the University of Oxford, included nearly a million people and found those who drank “very hot” drinks had about a three times higher risk of oesophageal .
Hot liquid may damage the cell lining of the food pipe as it travels down to the stomach, which could increase the risk of cancer developing, though the overall risk is low.
How hot is too hot?

The research, published in the , did not record the temperature of drinks. But the International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified drinking beverages above 65°C as “probably carcinogenic”.
Drinking six or more hot beverages a day also increases the risk, data from 977,282 middle-aged men and women in this latest study shows.
What to do
- Letting drinks cool down before drinking or adding cold milk can negate the risk, experts agreed.
- Researchers said the temperature at which coffee and tea is drunk in Western populations is estimated to be .
- “More research is needed to identify the exact drink temperatures linked to increased risk,” the researchers added.
A rare cancer
The researchers said that one or two in every 10 oesophageal cancers could be avoided if people stopped consuming hot drinks.
The cancer is rare, though, with only around 1 per cent of the UK population at risk of being diagnosed with this type of cancer.

- Other factors, such as smoking, pose a comparatively bigger risk for developing oesophageal cancer.

Don’t make these money moves before next month’s Budget

With next month’s Budget fast approaching, speculation over what the Chancellor might announce is rife.
But history suggests making moves before the red box is opened can leave people worse off. Here is what to avoid.
Taking tax-free cash early
- One of the most obvious reactions to is to take the 25 per cent tax-free lump sum before the rules potentially change.
- The Institute for Fiscal Studies proposed cutting the lump sum to £100,000 in 2024 but the change has still not been implemented.
- Ian Cook, chartered financial planner at Quilter Cheviot, warned that taking the lump sum could undermine long-term retirement plans, and means the money loses the opportunity to remain invested.
Selling assets just in case
Another rumoured Budget policy change is that the capital gains tax (CGT) rate could increase, which can tempt investors to sell assets now and pay today’s tax rate.

- However, this can mean paying more tax than needed if assets are sold in bulk, as there are multiple tax-free allowances before CGT is owed.
Giving away too much
With speculation that inheritance tax (IHT) could be raised, people often use gifting to avoid it, as gifts given more than seven years before death are exempt from IHT.
However, experts warn that rushing into this can lead to people giving away more than they can afford.
Making a hasty property move

There have been suggestions that the recently introduced mansion tax could be charged on homes worth £1.5m or more, rather than the current £2m.
Eamonn Prendergast, chartered financial planner at Palantir Financial Planning, said people should not panic and instead “ignore speculation when making a property purchase or sale decision, and act as if there was no speculation” rather than making a move they don’t really want.
Doing nothing at all
But experts warn that the biggest trap is becoming so worried about the Budget that you stop making sensible financial decisions altogether.


Jason Hollands from wealth management firm Evelyn Partners says: “For investors and savers, the sensible approach is to focus on decisions that make sense under current rules rather than trying to second-guess the contents of a future Budget.

Hundreds of thousands of unemployed young people may see their benefits replaced with employment support under Government welfare reforms.
Here’s what we know.
Alan Milburn, the Government’s youth unemployment tsar, suggested many young people who are not in education, employment or training (Neets) – including those diagnosed with conditions like ADHD and anxiety – should see a shift in the state support they receive. “Work beats welfare every single time,” he said.
Why The Netherlands is a blueprint
- Milburn was visiting The Netherlands as part of a “fact-finding mission” as he prepares to publish his final recommendations in a landmark report about young people and work.
- This year, the UK topped for the first time since 2013.
- According to research from the independent think-tank The Resolution Foundation, if Britain’s Neet rate mirrored the Dutch rate, 600,000 more young adults would be in work.
- In The Netherlands, , whereas in Britain, support is generally for unemployment and centralised via the universal credit benefits system.

High anxiety levels
Figures from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) rank the UK at the top of the charts for anxiety levels among younger people, but The Netherlands comes in second.
Milburn highlighted how this doesn’t lead to low participation levels, adding: “Just because you’ve got a condition, or even because you’ve got the diagnosis, shouldn’t mean that you aren’t able to work.”
A growing problem

Nearly a quarter – around 250,000 – of young people who are classed as Neets are estimated to have mental health conditions such as depression and anxiety, according to Department for Work and Pensions data.
The number of young people claiming Personal Independence Payments (PIP) for mental health conditions such as anxiety and neurodevelopmental conditions such as ADHD has also increased.
Why could hot drinks cause oesophageal cancer?
The tissues of the mouth and tongue are thicker than the lining of the oesophagus, so a drink temperature that feels tolerable in the mouth could harm the oesophagus. That could lead to inflammation and cells multiplying to repair the damage.
The more cells multiply, the greater the chance that some of their DNA randomly develops mutations – the root cause of cancer.
“The repair mechanism is constantly replacing dead cells,” said Professor Muy-Teck Teh, an oncologist at Queen Mary University of London, who was not involved with the study. “That predisposes to cancer formation.”
How hot is too hot?
Concerns first stemmed from higher rates of oesophageal cancer in countries such as Iran, Turkey and South America, where people tend to drink their tea and coffee extremely hot – on average at about 70°C, or sometimes as high as 80°C.
That led the World Health Organisation to say drinks over 65°C are “probably carcinogenic”, or cancer-causing, in 2016.
But it wasn’t known then that hot beverages could also damage the oesophagus, said Professor Gillian Reeves, a cancer expert at the University of Oxford, who led the study.
The average temperature of the hot brews we drink in Britain is about 60°C – although there is great variation. In the new study, published in the peer-reviewed , the subjects didn’t measure the temperature of their drinks – they just reported if they usually had their drinks “very hot”, “hot” or “warm”.
Over 14 years, the “very hot” group had three times the rate of a type of oesophageal cancer called squamous cell carcinoma. “It suggests that if we were to reduce the temperature at which those individuals consume tea and coffee, it could lead to a reduction in risk,” said Reeves.
Drinking six or more hot beverages a day also increased the risk compared with those who drank fewer, the study found.
“More research is now needed to identify the exact drink temperatures linked to this increased risk,” added Dr Keren Papier, senior nutritional epidemiologist at the University of Oxford and lead researcher.
What can you do about it?
Few people would want to use a thermometer every time they make a brew. But common sense suggests that leaving the drink to cool a little is safer, said Reeves.
This is more important with herbal teas, black coffees or other drinks that don’t have added milk, which will bring the temperature down. “Milk is one way of reducing the temperature, but you could also just leave it sit for a few minutes before you start drinking,” said Reeves.
How great is this risk?
A tripling of the rate of any cancer sounds alarming. But it needs to be set against the relative rarity of this kind of tumour, with about 1 per cent of people ever getting such a diagnosis.
An individual’s risk will vary with other factors, such as their genetics and whether they smoke or drink heavily – both of which also cause oesophageal cancer.
So, the tripling of risk seen in this study could represent hot drinks raising someone’s lifetime risk from 0.5 to 1.5 per cent, for instance – which still means nearly 99 people out of 100 will not get the cancer.
How certain is this cancer link?
This kind of study can only show a correlation between drink temperature and cancer, not that one causes the other.
Something else could be causing both things; for instance, people with thicker skin lining the throat and oesophagus might tolerate hotter drinks as well as being more naturally predisposed to cancer, said Teh.
On the other hand, this kind of correlation-based study is commonly used to identify many other cancer risk factors. And there are several reasons to think this particular one has found a real cause of cancer.
One is that there is a plausible mechanism of damage to the oesophagus, supported by animal research.
The researchers also found that the “very hot” drink group had the highest cancer rate (three times), the “warm” group had the lowest and the “hot” group were in the middle (1.7 times). This is called a “dose-response relationship” and is seen as further support for the theory being right.
Finally, the study showed an increased risk for cancers in the top part of the oesophagus but not for those in the bottom third, which would make sense, as hot drinks would cool by the time they slosh their way down.
“It is consistent with the idea that this may well be causal,” said Reeves. “So it adds to the biological plausibility.”













